SELECT 
  q_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      q_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      q_product_prices.price, 
      q_product_prices.price - (
        q_product_prices.price * q_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  q_product_prices 
WHERE 
  q_product_prices.product_id IN (
    186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 
    194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 152, 153, 154
  ) 
  AND q_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND q_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  q_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "38.41"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "table": {
        "table_name": "q_product_prices",
        "access_type": "range",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "key": "product_id",
        "used_key_parts": [
          "product_id"
        ],
        "key_length": "3",
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 16,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
        "filtered": "19.99",
        "index_condition": "(`portal`.`q_product_prices`.`product_id` in (186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,152,153,154))",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "37.77",
          "eval_cost": "0.64",
          "prefix_cost": "38.41",
          "data_read_per_join": "76"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`portal`.`q_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`portal`.`q_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}