SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  q_categories c 
  JOIN q_category_vendor_product_count p USING(category_id) 
WHERE 
  p.company_id = 17

Query time 0.00038

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "23.80"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "p",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "company_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "4",
          "ref": [
            "const"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 16,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 16,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "using_index": true,
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "1.41",
            "eval_cost": "3.20",
            "prefix_cost": "4.61",
            "data_read_per_join": "256"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "company_id",
            "category_id"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "c",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY",
            "p_category_id"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "category_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "3",
          "ref": [
            "portal.p.category_id"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 16,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "16.00",
            "eval_cost": "3.20",
            "prefix_cost": "23.81",
            "data_read_per_join": "42K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "category_id",
            "id_path"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}